Saxmundham Rotation I
- Experiment Code: S/RN/1
- Experiment Site: Saxmundham
- Objectives: To test N, P, K and manure treatments on crop rotations on a heavy sandy clay loam site. More recently to look at crop responses to P and K, and their interactions with N on high-yielding wheat cultivars.
- Date Start: 1899
- Date End: Ongoing
- Key Contacts: Sarah Perryman, (Data Managers), Andrew Gregory, (Principal Investigator), 0000-0001-7123-0784 , Margaret Glendining, (Data Manager), 0000-0002-6466-4629 , Nathan Morris, (Principal Investigator), David Clarke, (Principal Investigator), 0000-0002-3905-5725 ,
Description
- Two rotation experiments were started at Saxmundham in 1899 by East Suffolk County Council. The experiments consisted of four blocks so that a fully phased typical Norfolk 4-course rotation could be grown. The Rotation I experiment had a factorial test of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium plus bone meal and farmyard manure. Rothamsted assumed control of the experiments in 1965 and reviewed and modified the experiments. Rothamsted relinquished the site in 2010. The site is currently supported by The Morley Agricultural Foundation and delivered by NIAB.
Funding
- The e-RA database, including the published datasets generated from it, is part of the Rothamsted Long-Term Experiments - National Bioscience Research Infrastructure (RLTE-NBRI) , which also includes the Long-Term Experiments, the Sample Archive and Rothamsted's environmental monitoring activities including the weather stations and its role in the UK Environmental Change Network.
- The RLTE-NBRI is supported by the Lawes Agricultural Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Grants BBS/E/C/00005189 (2012-2017); BBS/E/C/000J0300 (2017-2022); BBS/E/RH/23NB0007 (2023-2028)).
Keywords
There are currently no prepared datasets online for this experiment. However,
there may still be data available but requiring curation.
For more information please contact the e-RA curators.
Site: Harwood's Piece - Saxmundham
- Experiment Site: Saxmundham
- Description: The Saxmundham experimental site is currently supported by The Morley Agricultural Foundation and delivered by NIAB.
- Visit Permitted?: No
- Visiting Arrangments: None
- Elevation: 36 Metres
- Geolocation: 52.220964, 1.466048
Soil
- Type: Eutric Gleysol
Sandy clay loam developed over drift over Chalky Boulder Clay, Beccles Series.
Experiment Design
Use the arrows to navigate between periods
- 1 - First Period - 1899 - 1965 - 
Description
- Four blocks of ten plots each, with a four-course rotation, with different crops grown in each block each year. Originally the crops of a typical Norfolk four-course rotation (roots, spring barley, legume and winter wheat. Different fertilizer and manure treatments in the 10 plots.
Design
- Period: 1899 - 1965
- Experiment Design Type: Randomized complete block design
- Number of Blocks: 4
- Number of Plots: 40
- Number of Replicates: 4
Crops
| Crop | Years Grown |
|---|---|
| Wheat | |
| Root Vegetables | |
| Barley | |
| Feed Legumes |
Crop Rotations
| Rotation | Crops |
|---|---|
| Norfolk Rotation (1899 - 1962) | Wheat > Root Vegetables > Barley > Feed Legumes |
Factors
Factors are the interventions or treatments which vary across the experiment.
| Level Name | Factor Name | Amount | Years | Frequency | Method | Chemical Form | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farmyard Manure | Fertilizer Exposure | 15 t/ha | - | ||||
| Bone Meal | Fertilizer Exposure | 0.5 t/ha | - | ||||
| Nitrogen | Fertilizer Exposure | 100 kgN/ha | - | Sodium Nitrate | |||
| Phosphorous | Fertilizer Exposure | 40 kgP/ha | - | ||||
| Potassium | Fertilizer Exposure | 63 kgK/ha | - | Potassium Chloride |
Factor Combinations
Factor Combinations are the combination of factors applied to different plots on the experiment.
| Factor Combination | Time Coverage | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| D | - | |
| BM | - | |
| N | - | |
| P | - | |
| K | - | |
| O | - | No fertilizer |
| PK | - | |
| NK | - | |
| NP | - | |
| NPK | - |
- 
- 2 - Second period - 1966 - 2010
Description
- The four-course rotation of wheat, sugar beet, barley and beans was continued until the 1969 harvest. In 1970 the northern half of each plot was sown to lucerne and the southern to a grass ley mixture.
Design
- Period: 1966 - 2010
- Experiment Design Type: Randomized complete block design
- Number of Plots: 10
- Number of Replicates: 4
- Number of Harvests per Year: 1
Crops
| Crop | Years Grown |
|---|---|
| Alfalfa | |
| Winter Wheat | |
| Barley | |
| Faba Beans | |
| Sugar Beet | |
| Grass Leys |
License
These media (images and videos) are
available under a Creative Commons
Attribution Licence (4.0) with attribution to Rothamsted Research.
Images
Key References
2019
- - Johnston, A. E. and Poulton, P. R. (2019) "Phosphorus in Agriculture: A Review of Results from 175 Years of Research at Rothamsted, UK", Journal of Environmental Quality, 48, 1133–1144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2019.02.0078
- - Poulton, P. R. and Glendining, M. J. (2019) "Saxmundham Rotation II experimental details, 1969-1986", Electronic Rothamsted Archive, Rothamsted Research DOI: https://doi.org/10.23637/srn2-details1969-01
2016
- - Johnston, A. E., Poulton, P. R., White, R. P. and Macdonald, A. J. (2016) "Determining the longer term decline in plant-available soil phosphorus from short-term measured values", Soil Use and Management, 32, 151–161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12253
2014
- - Johnston, A. E., Poulton, P. R., Fixen, P. E. and Curtin, D. (2014) "Phosphorus: Its Efficient Use in Agriculture", Advances in Agronomy, 123, 177–228 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-420225-2.00005-4
2013
- - Johnston, A. E., Poulton, P. R. and White, R. P. (2013) "Plant-available soil phosphorus. Part II: the response of arable crops to Olsen P on a sandy clay loam and a silty clay loam", Soil Use and Management, 29, 12–21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00449.x
2011
- - Johnston, A. E. and Poulton, P. R. (2011) "Response of cereals to soil and fertilizer phosphorus", HGCA Research Review 74 ,
1987
- - Johnston, A. E. (1987) "Saxmundham Experimental Station 1899-1986. A review of the achievements during 1965-1986. ", Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1986 , , 265–279 Get from eRAdoc: ResReport1986p1andp2-267-281
1986
- - Goulding, K. W. T., Poulton, P. R., Thomas, V. H. and Williams, R. J. B. (1986) "Atmospheric deposition at Rothamsted experimental station, Saxmundham experimental station and Woburn experimental station, England, 1969-1984", Water Air and Soil Pollution, 29, 27–49 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00149327
- - Johnston, A. E., Lane, P. W., Mattingly, G. E. G., Poulton, P. R. and Hewitt, M. V. (1986) "Effects of soil and fertilizer P on yields of potatoes, sugar beet, barley and winter wheat on a sandy clay loam soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk", The Journal of Agricultural Science, 106, 155–167 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600061864
1984
- - Goulding, K. W. T. and Talibudeen, O. (1984) "Thermodynamics of K-Ca exchange in soils. I. Effects of potassium and organic matter residues in soils from the Broadbalk and Saxmundham Rotation I Experiments.", Journal of Soil Science, 35, 397–408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1984.tb00296.x
1979
- - Goulding, K. W. T. and Talibudeen, O. (1979) "Potassium reserves in a sandy clay soil from the Saxmundham Experiment: Kinetics and equilibrium thermodynamics", Journal of Soil Science, 30, 291–302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1979.tb00986.x
1972
- - Hodge, C. A. H. (1972) "The soils at Saxmundham Experimental Station", Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1971, Part 2 , , 143–148 Get from eRAdoc: ResReport1971p2-147-152
1971
- - Williams, R. J. B. and Cooke, G. W. (1971) "Results of the Rotation I experiment at Saxmundham,", Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1970 , Part 2 , 68–97 Get from eRAdoc: ResReport1970p2-68-97
1970
- - Mattingly, G. E. G., Johnston, A. E. and Chater, M. (1970) "The residual value of farmyard manure and superphosphate in the Saxmundham Rotation II Experiment,", Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 , Part 2 , 91–112 Get from eRAdoc: ResReport1969p2-91-112
1968
- - Cooke, G. W. (1968) "The Saxmundham Experiments. Weather", Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1967 , , 235–237 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-120
1967
- - Cooke, G. W. (1967) "The Saxmundham Experiments. Weather and cultivations", Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1966 , , 248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-14
1966
- - Trist, P. J. O. and Boyd, D. A. (1966) "The Saxmundham rotation experiments. Rotation, I.", The Journal of Agricultural Science, 66, 327–336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063620
- - Boyd, D. A. and Trist, P. J. O. (1966) "The Saxmundham rotation experiments: Rotation II, 1899-1952", The Journal of Agricultural Science, 66, 337–339 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063632
1941
- - Oldershaw, A. W. (1941) "Experiments on arable crops at Saxmundham", Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, 102, 136–155
