Dataset: Broadbalk Wheat annual grain and straw yields 1926-1967

Citation:  Margaret Glendining, Paul Poulton (2023). Broadbalk Wheat annual grain and straw yields 1926-1967 Electronic Rothamsted Archive, Rothamsted Research 10.23637/rbk1-yld2667-01
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Summary

Annual winter wheat grain and straw yields for each treatment plot of the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment, 1926-1967, with details of all fertilizer and manure applications. Also other agronomic information, including sowing and harvest dates, and winter wheat cultivars.

Methods

The Broadbalk Wheat Experiment was started in autumn 1843 to investigate the effects of fertilizers containing N, P, K, Na and Mg in various combinations, and organic manure, on the yield of winter wheat grown continuously. The treatment STRIPS (3-22) extend the whole length of the field; each strip tests a different fertilizer or manure treatment. In 1926 the strips were divided into five SECTIONS (I-V). Each PLOT is a unique strip\section combination. Each Section was bare fallowed in sequence, to control weeds. From 1931-1954 there was a five-year rotation of fallow with four successive crops of wheat, with the fallow phase on a different Section each year. In 1955 Section I was divided into IA (continuous wheat, no fallow) and IB (fallow one year in five), and Section V was divided into VA (limed) and VB (unlimed). Section VB has been in continuous wheat since 1958, and received herbicides as required. Section VA continued with the five-year wheat and fallow cycle, but no herbicides. Herbicides have been applied since 1964 to control weeds, except to Section VA. In 1968 the experiment was divided into ten Sections (0-9). See section_names.pdf for changes to section names.

Technical Information

No fertilizer or manure was applied in fallow years, and the plots were cultivated to kill weeds. Fallow (no crop) yields are shown as blank cells. Wheat and straw yields from 1954 onwards are at 85% dry matter. Before 1954 dry matter content was not measured, and yields are expressed at field moisture content (approximately 85% dry matter). Straw yield is that part of the straw cut by the binder/combine harvester, and does not include the stubble or all of the chaff. Strip 21 was also known as 2.1, 2a and 2A; strip 22 was also known as 2.2, 2b and 2B. By convention, the year is that of harvest (not sowing).

Related Documents

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Contributors

  • Paul Poulton: Researcher
  • Margaret Glendining: Data curator
  • Nathalie Castells: Data manager
  • Andy Gregory: Project manager
  • Richard Ostler: Project leader
  • Sarah Perryman: Data curator
  • Ben Charlston: Data collector
  • Suzanne Clark: Data collector

Dataset Access and Conditions

Rights Holder

Rothamsted Research

License

Creative Commons License This dataset is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence (4.0).

Cite this Dataset

YOU MUST CITE AS: Margaret Glendining, Paul Poulton (2023). Dataset: Broadbalk Wheat annual grain and straw yields 1926-1967 Electronic Rothamsted Archive, Rothamsted Research https://doi.org/10.23637/rbk1-yld2667-01

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Conditions of Use

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Table Of Contents

An Excel file, 01-BKyld2667.xlsx, contains the Broadbalk wheat grain and straw yields, fertilizer and manure treatment details and cropping information, for 1926-1967. Frictionless CSV files are provided for users who prefer CSV over Excel files. Section_names.pdf which shows the changes in the Broadbalk sections over time.

Yields of grain and straw are from the BKYIELD_F and BKYIELD_F85 datasets in the e-RA database. The Broadbalk 'White Books' held in the Rothamsted Library Archive, were used to check the treatments applied.

In accordance with the Joint Code of Practice for Research at Rothamsted, data processing in e-RA follow rigorous standard operating procedures to ensure the quality and correctness of data collected in the field through to depositing in the e-RA database. To ensure quality control during data inputting, the data sets were typed on two separate occasions (double data entry). During the second typing (verification) the data values were compared with those typed on the earlier occasion, and any discrepancies were resolved before verification continued. This procedure also set out how to handle situations where the written records were illegible or ambiguous. This procedure avoided visual checking of data, which can be very inaccurate. Once the data were entered into e-RA, they were independently back-checked against the original data sheets.

Many other Rothamsted staff have been involved in the production of this data, including farm staff, field recorders, laboratory staff and data recorders, too numerous to mention. Bushel weights (weights per bushel of dressed grain) are available from the e-RA database.

  • The dataset Broadbalk Wheat annual grain and straw yields 1926-1967 is a published dataset from the e-RA Database. e-RA is part of the Rothamsted Long-Term Experiments - National Bioscience Research Infrastructure (RLTE-NBRI), which also covers maintenance of the Long-Term Experiments, the Rothamsted Sample Archive and Rothamsted's environmental monitoring activities including the weather stations and its role in the UK Environmental Change Network
  • The RLTE-NBRI is funded by UK Research and Innovation - Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UKRI-BBSRC) under award BBS/E/RH/23NB0007 (2023-2028). The RLTE-NBRI is also supported by the Lawes Agricultural Trust. e-RA has been part of a National Capability since 2012, previous awards from the BBSRC were Grants BBS/E/C/00005189 (2012-2017) and BBS/E/C/000J0300 (2017-2022)
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For further information and assistance, please contact the e-RA curators, Sarah Perryman and Margaret Glendining using the e-RA email address: era@rothamsted.ac.uk